The tracker · France

French Duty of Vigilance Law

In force France Entry updated February 2026

The 2017 pioneer of mandatory vigilance planning, and still the only regime with a decade of litigation practice behind it.

StatusIn force
EnactedMarch 2017
First compliance deadline2018 vigilance plans
Companies in scopeFrench companies with 5,000 employees in France or 10,000 worldwide
Maximum penaltyInjunctions and civil damages; periodic penalty payments
Civil liabilityYes, fault-based liability for failure to establish or implement an adequate plan
Enforcement bodyCivil courts, principally the Paris judicial court

Latest movement

Vigilance case law maturing; Paris judicial court hearing a steady docket of plan adequacy challenges.

In plain language

What this law does

The Duty of Vigilance Law requires very large French companies to establish, publish and effectively implement a vigilance plan covering risk mapping, regular assessment, mitigation actions, an alert mechanism and a monitoring scheme, spanning subsidiaries, subcontractors and established suppliers.

Because enforcement runs through civil litigation, the law has generated the richest case law in the field, from TotalEnergies to La Poste, clarifying what an adequate plan looks like and confirming that generic boilerplate does not satisfy the duty. French vigilance jurisprudence now directly informs how courts and regulators elsewhere read the CSDDD.

Obligations

What it asks of companies

  1. Published vigilance plan

    The plan must include risk mapping, assessment procedures, mitigation actions, an alert mechanism and monitoring of effectiveness.

  2. Effective implementation

    Courts have confirmed the duty covers implementation in practice, not the mere publication of a document.

  3. Stakeholder consultation on the alert mechanism

    The alert mechanism must be developed in consultation with representative trade unions.

Timeline

How it got here

March 2017

Law adopted after constitutional review removed criminal fines.

2019 to 2023

First wave of formal notices and lawsuits against energy, retail and utility companies.

2023

La Poste ruling set the first detailed judicial standard for plan adequacy.

2026

Docket of vigilance cases continues to grow at the Paris judicial court.

Changelog

Entry history

February 2026

Case law summary refreshed with recent Paris judicial court decisions.

Sources

Primary documents